Repost of Church as Bride in the Holy Eucharist

 Some time ago, on this blog, I published a post to investigate how we can understand the image of the Church as bride in the Holy Eucharist. On the feast of the Most Holy Body and Blood of Christ it occurs to me that how we engage with this great mystery has a lot to do with our images of Church. For the Mass in the extra-ordinary form the principle image is that of the Mystical Body of Christ. In the post-conciliar liturgy it has been the People of God. I do not intend to elaborate on these images here, however, each has far reaching implications for both celebrant and congregation in terms of their prayer and Eucharistic spirituality. Neither is wrong but then neither is completely correct or exhaustive. I would like to look at the image of the Church as Bride of Christ with the aim of helping us to understand the dynamics of Mass in the ordinary form.

To start with the image of Church as the Bride of Christ, who identifies himself in the Gospel as the bridegroom, is clearly a significant part of the official teaching of the Church. In Lumen gentium this image occurs prior to and after the exposition on the Body of Christ in article 8 and therefore can be taken to nuance and interpret it. The Fathers wrote:

"The Church, further, 'that Jerusalem which is above' is also called 'our mother.' It is described as the spotless spouse of the spotless Lamb, whom Christ "loved and for whom He delivered Himself up that He might sanctify her,' whom He unites to Himself by an unbreakable covenant, and whom He unceasingly "nourishes and cherishes,' and whom, once purified, He willed to be cleansed and joined to Himself, subject to Him in love and fidelity, and whom, finally, He filled with heavenly gifts for all eternity, in order that we may know the love of God and of Christ for us, a love which surpasses all knowledge. The Church, further, 'that Jerusalem which is above' is also called 'our mother.' It is described as the spotless spouse of the spotless Lamb, whom Christ 'loved and for whom He delivered Himself up that He might sanctify her,' whom He unites to Himself by an unbreakable covenant, and whom He unceasingly 'nourishes and cherishes,' and whom, once purified, He willed to be cleansed and joined to Himself, subject to Him in love and fidelity, and whom, finally, He filled with heavenly gifts for all eternity, in order that we may know the love of God and of Christ for us, a love which surpasses all knowledge." (LG, 6)

"Christ loves the Church as His bride, having become the model of a man loving his wife as his body; the Church, indeed, is subject to its Head. 'Because in Him dwells all the fullness of the Godhead bodily,' He fills the Church, which is His body and His fullness, with His divine gifts so that it may expand and reach all the fullness of God." (LG, 7) 

In the Constitution on the Liturgy, Sacrosanctum Concilium the image was applied to the work of the liturgy:

"Christ indeed always associates the Church with Himself in this great work wherein God is perfectly glorified and men are sanctified. The Church is His beloved Bride who calls to her Lord, and through Him offers worship to the Eternal Father." (SC, 7)

With this in mind let us imagine the Sunday Liturgy of the Holy Eucharist as a "date" where the Bride spends time apart with her Bridegroom to be renewed, refreshed and reinvigorated in her task of continuing the Bridegroom's salvific plan.

1. Gathering: The Bride fasts before Mass to prepare herself interiorly for the encounter with the Bridegroom. She is prompted by the Holy Spirit and gathers to meet with him on the eighth day, that is, the day of the Resurrection. This is the day of the new Creation when the Second Adam and the Second Eve experience the again the renewal of a Creation set free from sin and given the promise of eternal life. In the processional song she sings for joy to be in the presence of the Bridegroom on this special day.

2. Liturgical Greeting: The priest acting in persona Christi capitis (in the person of Christ the Head) greets the people, who are also a presence of Christ in the Eucharist. They could be said to act in persona Christi membris (in the person of the members of Christ) who respond acknowledging the presence of the Lord. The response given by the people to the greeting: "And with your spirit" acknowledges that the priest is ordained and conformed to Christ in his priesthood. The writer Jeremy Driscoll explains it thus: "The people are addressing the 'spirit' of the people; that is, the deepest interior part of his being where he has been ordained precisely to lead the people in this sacred action. They are saying in effect: 'Be the priest for us now,' aware that there is only one priest, Christ himself, and that this one who represents him now must be finely tuned to perform his sacred duties well." Jeremy Driscoll, What Happens at Mass, (Chicago: Liturgy Training Publications, 2005, 25)

3. Penitential Act: Mindful of her faults, the Bride confesses her sins while praising the Bridegroom for his mercy and love that are never ending. It also anticipates that the sacrifice which will be enacted in this sacred meal they are to share is: "The Blood of the new and eternal covenant, which will be poured out for you and for many for the forgiveness of sins." (Eucharistic Prayers in Roman Missal)

4. Gloria: The Bride glorifies the Bridegroom in the mystery of the Holy Trinity knowing his mercy is there for Her: "... you take away the sins of the world, have mercy on us; you take away the sins of the world receive our prayer; you are seated at the right hand of the Father, have mercy on us." (Roman Missal)

5. Collect: The opening prayer joins the congregation in prayer. The them articulates the Bride's desires and aspirations thus preparing the people to listen to the Bridegroom who is about to speak.

Liturgy of the Word

This part of the Mass is where the Bridegroom feeds the Bride with his Word. In the Constitution on Revelation, Dei verbum we read:

"The words of the holy fathers witness to the presence of this living tradition, whose wealth is poured into the practice and life of the believing and praying Church. Through the same tradition the Church's full canon of the sacred books is known, and the sacred writings themselves are more profoundly understood and unceasingly made active in her; and thus God, who spoke of old, uninterruptedly converses with the bride of His beloved Son; and the Holy Spirit, through whom the living voice of the Gospel resounds in the Church, and through her, in the world, leads unto all truth those who believe and makes the word of Christ dwell abundantly in them (see Col. 3:16)." (DV, 8)

"The Bride of the Incarnate Word and the Pupil of the Holy Spirit" (DV, 22).

6. First Reading: Taken from the Old Testament the Bride learns how from the beginning of Creation the Bridegroom has prepared her for his coming. During Eastertide the readings from the Acts of the Apostles speak of the Bridegroom working in, through and with the Church by the power of the Holy Spirit, until the end of Creation when the New Jerusalem will come down from the heavens: "And I saw the holy city, the new Jerusalem, coming down out from heaven from God, prepared as a bride adorned for her husband." (Rev 21: 2)

7. Psalm: The Bride responds with ancient songs of praise which speak both of God's power but also the history and struggles of the Bride as foretold in the Jewish people.

8. Second Reading: The Bridegroom teaches the Bride how he is present to the Church and continues to guide her through history. The First Reading was the type with the Gospel being the reality and the Second Reading is the Church as sacrament.

9. Alleluia: Again, the Bride responds with praise at the workings of the Holy Spirit and the wisdom of the Bridegroom.

10. Gospel: The Bridegroom feeds the Bride with the Divine Word of the Gospels as the public and objective revelation of the Word made Flesh. It is a living Word proclaimed for us in the present: "Today this scripture has been fulfilled in your hearing." (Lk 4: 21)

11. Creed: The Bride responds to this revelation of divine wisdom by affirming her faith in the Bridegroom. She believes in Herself and Her destiny to be with the Bridegroom in the Resurrection: "I believe in one, holy, catholic and apostolic Church. I confess one Baptism for the forgiveness of sins and I look forward to the resurrection of the dead and the life of the world to come." (Roman Missal) 

12. Prayers of the Faithful: The Bride manifests the sincerity of this faith by bringing before the Bridegroom her needs and those of the world, trusting that he will provide them, as she cooperates with his grace.

Liturgy of the Eucharist:

This part of the Mass is where the Bridegroom feeds the Bride with his Body and Blood under the form of bread and wine. There is one sacrifice offered under two different modes: that of the priest acting in persona Christi capitis and that of the Bride in persona Ecclesiae or even, I would say Mariae. The sacrifice of praise offered at the foot of the Cross by the Blessed Virgin joins her to her Son. We gaze on the Host and likewise strive to offer ourselves in imitation of her so that we might share in the fruits of redemption.

13. Offertory: Obedient to his instructions: "Do this in memory of me" the Bride brings forward the bread and wine for the Eucharistic sacrifice and prepares the altar.

14: Oblation: The priest, prepares for the sacrifice and praises God thus initiating the self-offering of the Bridegroom to which the Bride is joined.

15: The Eucharistic Prayer: The Bridegroom makes a living memorial of his Paschal Mystery through which he redeemed humanity and brought about the Bride to be the Second Eve born from his side as he hung in the sleep of death on the Cross. The Bride echoes the liturgy of heaven as she offers herself up in union with the Bridegroom in this act of love, gratitude and joy. This is brought to a climax for the Bride in the Great Amen.

16: The Lord's Prayer: United in their prayer and the sacrifice is makes present the Bride is stirred to pray to God as Father trusting in the words of the Bridegroom and adopted into his filial relationship with the Father in the Holy Spirit.

17: Prayer for Peace: The Bride prepares to receive the Bridegroom in Holy Communion by recalling his gift of peace to the Bride and asking that it be manifested in the Church and in the world.

18: Lamb of God: Mindful again of her imperfections and sins the bride asks of the Bridegroom the fruit of mercy and peace. The Host is broken in the ancient action through which the Bride recognized her Bridegroom "in the breaking of the bread." (Luke 24: 35)

19: Reception of Holy Communion: Coming forward the Bride is nourished by the Bridegroom, in sacrament, and longs for the day when she will be united with him in eternity. Individual members echo the Great Amen as they make an individual act of faith in their Lord and Master.

20: Post-Communion Prayer: The desire for this ultimate union with the Bridegroom is expressed in the brief prayer after Holy Communion which also brings the Eucharistic liturgy to a close. It also prays that the effects of the Holy Food will be manifested in the Bride.

21. Dismissal: The Bridegroom sends the Bride into the world to continue her mission to make present his Kingdom. The Bride sings rejoicing in the love of the Bridegroom.

22. After Mass Hospitality: The members of the Bride extend the immediate unifying effects of Communion with the Bridegroom by sharing an agape meal which recognizes the Bridegroom as now being present in and mediated through the Bride.  

Feast of the Most Holy Body and Blood of Christ

 When we come to the liturgy, we need to use the same initial principle of interpretation that we use when approaching the Word. That is, the first reading is a literal reading. We believe, then we ask questions of what we have been given to deepen our understanding. Another was of putting this is the maxim - lex orandi, lex credendi, that is, "the law of praying is the law of believing." So, when we come for forward to Holy Communion the minister will say: "The Body of Christ" and the communicant replies: "Amen" which is, "truly" or "so be it." It is a statement of belief that follow up from the Great Amen which has been sung or said at the conclusion of the Eucharistic Prayer. In the Gospel for today the people dispute among themselves saying: "How can this man give us his flesh to eat?" (Jn 6: 52) Does this doubt enter our hearts too? We, too, need to listen to what the Lord replies: "Those who eat my flesh and drink my blood have eternal life, and I will raise them up on the last day; for my flesh is true food and my blood is true drink." (Jn 6: 54) One of the prefaces for this feast sums up the mystery we celebrate in this way: "For he is the true and eternal Priest, who instituted the pattern of everlasting sacrifice and was the first to offer himself as the saving Victim, commanding us to make this offering as his memorial. As we eat his flesh that was sacrificed for us, we are made strong, and as we drink his Blood that was poured out for us, we are washed clean." (Preface I of the Most Holy Eucharist) Let us, therefore, approach this Sunday Mass, more than ever, with hearts open to the mystery of the miracle that is the Holy Eucharist.

Vestigia Trinitatis

 As we approach the Solemnity of the Holy Trinity I find myself reflecting on the way in which we experience God in contemporary society especially in the light of science. Ever since the trial of Galileo, which was really a squabble arising from papal court politics, it has been fashionable for those who hate the Church to point to some kind of binary opposition between science and faith. We can also think of the blind leap of faith of thinkers like Kierkegaard for reinforcing Christian faith as being in some way fundamentally at odds with the rigour and discipline of science. I like the statement of Pope St John Paul II when he wrote: "Science can purify religion from error and superstition. Religion can purify science from idolatry and false absolutes."(Letter to George V. Coyne, 1 June 1988) We can also point out that science is a method for the study of things and God is not a "thing." Additionally, Catholic priests such as Mendel and Copernicus have had considerable influence

St Augustine, beginning his great treatise De Trinitate in AD400, on the Holy Trinity spoke of the traces in Creation of the Holy Trinity. These he called vestigia trinitatis. What, I ask, are the scientifically identifiable traces of the Divine Persons in the world? Since the activity of the Holy Trinity happens in space and time, can we locate divine action in the world? 

Watching the work of Fr Robert Spitzer St. Thérèse Lecture Series - Fr. Robert Spitzer, SJ: Physics and the Existence of God regarding the condition required for a functioning Universe at the moment of the Big Bang, which was incidentally the idea of Fr Georges Lemaitre a Catholic priest, I think we can see this as the trace of God. The ordering of Creation through the love and intelligence of God can be discerned. God establishes order, light and love to a Creation which he "saw was good" (Gen 1: 10, 12, 18, 21 and 25) and in its entirety "he saw it was very good." (Gen 1: 31)

When we consider Jesus, as the Second Person of the Holy Trinity, the Shroud of Turin can be seen as "the receipt for the Resurrection." The Next Pope, the Big Bang, and the Shroud of Turin Fr Robert Spitzer The Eucharistic Miracles are traces of his humanity and divinity. The Eucharistic Miracle of Lanciano, originating from the year 695, speaks of the Holy Eucharist being exactly what the Church claims it to be. The findings of science we can read regarding this, and other miracles reveal God's power active in the sacrament: MIRACOLI EUCARISTICI - Mostra Internazionale Ideata e Realizzata da Carlo Acutis e Nicola Gori

What, you may ask, is the trace of the Holy Spirit, measurable in the world? I maintain that the Church is the trace of the Holy Spirit. Just as the Holy Spirit is manifested both in unity and diversity with many gifts and charisms revealed over time. It is up to us to attest by our prayers, words and actions to the Holy Spirit in the world so that the world believes that Jesus was sent by the Father: "I ask not only on behalf of these, but also on behalf of those who will believe in me through their word, that they may all be one. As you, Father, are in me and I am in you, may they also be in us, so that the world may believe that you sent me. the glory that you have given me I have given to them, so that they may be one, as we are one, I in them and you in me, that they may become completely one, so that the world may know that you have sent me and have loved them even as you have loved me. father. I desire that those also, whom you have given me, may be with me where I am, to see my glory, which you have given me because you loved me before the foundation of the world." (Jn 17: 20-26)

Holy Trinity Sunday

 There is a saying that: "context is everything." This is appropriate for us today. The Holy Trinity is the context for all we say and do in the liturgy. This is voiced when the priest begins with the Sign of the Cross and concludes with the Final Blessing, both of which are made in the name of the "Father, Son and Holy Spirit." The Holy Trinity is the revelation of a God whose existence is accessible to natural reason but whose interior life is beyond our comprehension without His self-communication. Hence, it is only through our Lord Jesus Christ that this privileged knowledge of the nature, mission and life is possible. Jesus tells his disciples: "I do not call you servants any longer, because the servant does not know what the master is doing; but I have called you friends, because I have made known to you everything I have heard from the Father." (Jn 15: 15) What can we say about God on this special day? We know that God is light: "This is the message we have heard from him and proclaim to you, that God is light and in him there is no darkness at all." (1 Jn 1: 5) We know that God is love: "God is love and those who abide in love abide in God, and God abides in them." (1 Jn 4: 17) God is personal: "You did not choose me but I chose you." (1 Jn 15: 16) We do not live in a lonely, meaningless and indifferent Universe. We live in the presence of a ground of Being whose amazing love is shown in his self-sacrifice on the cross for our salvation: "But God proves his love for us in that while we were still sinners Christ died for us." (Rm 5: 8) This means that we who are so fortunate to know and love this same God in our lives are therefore made ambassadors for that love to all those who are suffering: "So we are ambassadors for Christ, since God is making his appeal through us; we entreat you on behalf of Christ, reconciled to God. For our sake he made him to be sin who knew no sin, so that in him we might become the righteousness of God." (2 Cor 5: 20-21)

Believe, Belong, Behave?

 In my struggle with the pastoral challenges of contemporary society, it is difficult to know where to begin. It seems clear to me that in the West the culturally descended church has imploded. The religion of "choice" in a culture of radical autonomy means that for many there is no sense of collective meaning rather it is "what I choose." Even the radical atheists revealed themselves to be subject to this dynamic. The attempt to designate and organize non-believers as "Brights" failed dismally. People simply want to keep their options open. They are neither believers nor atheists rather they are "nones." I have even had applicants for jobs in Catholic primary schools say to me: "I have my own beliefs." Catholics in the pews can also refer to their confreres in faith as "cafeteria Catholicism." The teachings of the Catholic Church may or may not in any particular situation coincide with mine.

My first response to this is that Catholics do not believe in an "ism." They do not put their faith in an ideology. Like St Paul at the Areopagus we seek to put flesh and blood on the object of all authentic human desires and longings in the person and phenomenon of Jesus of Nazareth who is also: Lord Jesus Christ, Risen Lord, Alpha and the Omega, Lord of Lords, King of Kings, Second Person of the Holy Trinity.... For this reason, in the Nicene Creed, it is only after professing belief in the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit that we state: "I believe in one, holy, catholic and apostolic Church." St Paul puts it well when he says to the Corinthians: "For Jews demand signs and Greeks desire wisdom, but we proclaim Christ crucified, stumbling block to Jews and foolishness to Gentiles, but to those who are called, both Jews and Greeks, Christ the power of God and the wisdom of God. For God's foolishness is wiser than man's wisdom, and God's weakness is stronger than human strength."  (1 Cor 1: 22-25)

Given that our primary purpose and mission is to mediate Jesus Christ to the world how are we to do it? Do we require belief indicated by a conversion of life, or do we prioritize belonging, or is it to ask people to change their behaviour to conform to the teachings of Christ. In short is it one of the nine possible combinations of "believe, behave belong"? the answer to this will determine how we will embark on the mission to evangelize the world. 

The answer to this question, however, needs to take into account that whatever we do the Holy Spirit has already been at work in the individual or society before we have got there it is God: "...who desires everyone to be saved and to come to the knowledge of the truth." (1 Tim 2: 4) The action of prevenient grace is just as effective in others as it has been in us. We, however, are blessed to have, for many, parents who were Catholic and strove to hand on that faith to us.

My suggestion is, therefore, since the Holy Spirit is at the beginning of what we are called to do we need to look to Pentecost. First, we read how the disciples, who had been chosen and called by Christ, were witnesses to his resurrection and hence the power of God to save. Thus, they believed what God had done.  After the Ascension they waited in Jerusalem and "were constantly devoting themselves to prayer" (Acts 1: 14) and when Pentecost came they: "were all together in one place." (Acts 2: 1) They belonged together as community and manifested this in their communal prayer. This, in turn, had implications for how they lived their lives: "All who believed were together and held all things in common, they would sell their possessions and goods and distribute the proceedings to all, as any had need. Day by day, as they spent much time in the temple, they broke bread at home and ate their food with gladness and generous hearts, praising God and having the goodwill of the people." (Acts 2: 44-47) The moral, social and ethical teaching of "the Way" built on their Jewish heritage to change how they behaved. 

Applying this to our parishes, we need to place priority on the need for people to experience or witness through us the power of God which will draw them to belief in Jesus Christ. The Alpha programme has a role to play in this encounter and conversion dynamic. As an invitational community we encourage such everyone who believes to belong predominantly through prayer. This can be at the Mass but may be in other ways depending on the capacity of the individual. Through belief and belonging the context is created for enduring and sincere transformation of the moral posture of the individual who is gradually conformed to Christ and his law through love since: "Love does no wrong to a neighbour; therefore, love is the fulfilling of the law." (Rm 13: 10) It is important that we act through love rather than through duty since: "Love never ends." (1 Cor 13: 8) Any religion founded on duty, fear, cultural or ethnic affiliation or the desire for prosperity is a house built on sand. (Mtt 7: 24-27)

Like missionary discipleship, where the elements of encounter, conversion, discipleship, communion and mission are always present, it can be difficult to separate the elements of "believe, belong, behave" yet the priority of the kerygma (primordial teaching) tells us that the process requires a renewal of the faith response in the person of Jesus Christ. This never ends. Since the Holy Spirit is the one who reveals to us the Risen Lord let us place our trust in him and open our hearts to his love so that even in our weakness God is present: "Likewise, the Spirit helps us in our weakness; for we do not know how to pray as we ought, but the very Spirit intercedes with sighs too deep for words. And God, who searches the heart, knows what is the mind of the Spirit, because the Spirit intercedes for the saints according to the will of God. We know that all things work together for the good for those who love God, who are called according to his purpose. For those whom he foreknew he also predestined to be conformed to the image of his Son, in order that he might be the firstborn within a larger family. And those whom he predestined he also called; and those whom he called he justified; and those who he justified he also glorified." (Rm 8: 26-30)

Feast Of Pentecost

 Have you noticed how, in the spiritual life, things do not happen immediately? Noah and his family had to wait for seven days for rain after they had entered the ark (Gen 7: 10).  Elijah had God speak to him in the cave after the great wind, the earthquake and the fire (1 Kgs 19: 11-13) Jesus had the angels wait on him forty days after his going into the desert (Mk 1: 13). Similarly, the descent of the Holy Spirit on the disciples occurs ten days after the Ascension as they devoted themselves to prayer. (Acts 1: 14) As it was for them, so it is for us. Sometimes we need patience when we pray, especially when we ask for the Holy Spirit. What we can be certain of is that God, who is the best of fathers, will give us the Holy Spirit when we ask it of him. (Lk 11: 13) The disciples were told: "And see, I am sending upon you what my Father promised; so stay here until you have been clothed with power from on high." (Lk 24: 49) Let us not be afraid of waiting on the Lord and trusting in his promises: "I waited patiently for the Lord; he inclined to me and heard my cry. He drew me up from the desolate pit, out of the miry bog, and set my feet upon rock, making my steps secure. He put a new song in my mouth, a song of praise to our God. Many will see and fear, and put their trust in the Lord." (Ps 40: 1-3)

Reflection on Cultural vs Authentic Catholicism

 Recently I have spent time reflecting on the challenge of transforming cultural Catholicism into an authentic Catholicism. I encounter the former almost daily as non-practicing parents come to me to have preference certificates signed so their children can go to a Catholic school or college. These individuals, and it is individuals because hardly ever are both parties baptized as Catholic, do not speak about faith rather they articulate their desires in terms of values. The danger, if not the sad reality, is that the Catholic Church spends a great deal of resources and effort catechizing the unconverted. In my darker moments I think: "Let the dead bury the dead; but as for you, go proclaim the kingdom of God." (Lk 9: 60) What to do? 

To make some progress I have found some inspiration and insight be reading the Letter of Paul to the Galatians. He spends the first part of the letter establishing his credentials. He then asks: "The only thing I want to learn from you is this: Did you receive the Spirit by doing the works of the law or by believing what you heard?" (Gal 3: 2)

There is a whole lot in this statement, as the rest of the letter attests. What is meant by "receive the Spirit"? We find elsewhere in the Bible that it is possible for people to engage with the message of Jesus but not to receive the Holy Spirit. It seems that people need to ask for the Holy Spirit. the Gospel tells us that the heavenly Father will give the Holy Spirit to those who ask it of Him. Also, "Knock and the door will be opened to you, seek and you will find." The Holy Spirit will not impose itself on us. Our hearts need to open to receive him and this can happen in a number of ways. The primary one is to, as Paul asserts, "believe what you have heard." 

Through listening to the Scriptures and believing what they teach we are prepared for the Spirit. This is because, as St Augustine teaches, the Christian life is characterized by holy desire. The Word prepares us for the One who spoke it and the Word itself is inspired by the Holy Spirit: "It is spirit that gives life; the flesh is useless. The words that I have spoken to you are spirit and life." (Jn 6: 63) It is possible to listen to teaching but not to "receive it." Jesus continues his teaching to say: "But among you there are some who do not believe." (Jn 6: 64) Reception of the Word and therefore of the Holy Spirit requires an act of will. Faith is a spiritual gift but I need to want to receive it into my heart so that. like the seed in the parable of the Sower, it may bear fruit.

What, on the other hand, does it mean "to do the works of the law"? We, for the most part, are not Jews and unlike the Galatians no one is telling us that in order for us to be authentically Catholic we need to observe the Mosaic law. Jesus was an observant Jew yet he constantly got offside with the ones widely regarded as the experts on the Law. In his teaching he spoke of "in the beginning." The foundation for the Law, in his opinion, was the will of his heavenly father. The Law given by Moses was handed to the people because of their hardness of heart. How, then, can this teaching of Paul be relevant to the distinction that I wish to make between cultural and authentic Catholicism? 

I think that cultural Catholicism is dominated by social norms. Individuals and groups who use religion not as a transformative relationship with God but as a social construct, which is the property of an ethnic collective, to maintain order and prosperity. This is what is meant by "values" in 2026 and is referred to by Paul as: "You are observing special days, and months and seasons, and years." (Gal 4: 10) Similar to his argument in Romans "For there is no distinction, since all have sinned and fallen short of the glory of God" (Rm 3: 23), Paul maintains that the Jews and the Gentiles are on the same plane when it comes to pleasing God apart from the reception of the Holy Spirit: "My point is this: heirs, as long as they are minors, are no better than slaves, though they are the owners of the property..." (Gal 4: 1) Therefore, observance of the Mosaic Law cannot be of any use to them. 

It is only through faith that our cultures, practices and traditions can bear spiritual fruit. St Paul was certainly in favour of tradition because when he was teaching on the Holy Eucharist he writes: "For I received from the Lord what I also handed onto you..." (1 Cor 11: 23) The conclusion I draw from this is that those Catholics who live by "values" and not by faith are no spiritually better off that non-Catholics. They have not accepted or appropriated the divine filiation given in baptism and therefore their faith is sterile and they are vulnerable to being enslaved to Mammon: "No one can serve two masters; for a slave will either hate the one and love the other or be devoted to the one and despise the other. You cannot serve God and wealth." (Mtt 6: 24) They may be heirs to the Kingdom through sacramental baptism but they are not yet children. Paul puts it this way: "And because you are children, God has sent the Spirit of his Son into our hearts, crying 'Abba! Father!' So you are no longer a slave but a child, and if a child then also an heir, through God." (Gal 4: 6-7)

In order to live an authentic Catholicism we need to open ourselves to the radicality of baptism and to live the message we have received ahead of liturgical or cultural considerations. We should not be quarrelling over those observances that are fundamentally a cultural phenomenon and trying to impose them on others: "If, however, you bite and devour one another, take care that you are not consumed by one another." (Gal 5: 15) The key to Catholic authenticity lies in the cross. Jesus himself tells us: "If any want to be my followers, let them deny themselves and take up their cross daily and follow me." (Lk 9: 23) Paul tells the Galatians: "For through the law I died to the law, so that I might live to God. I have been crucified with Christ, and it is no longer I that live, but it is Christ who lives in me. And the life I now live in the flesh I live by faith in the Son of God, who loved me and gave himself for me." (Gal 2: 19-20) True freedom comes with, in and through Christ and it is that freedom which empowers us to live the virtues and implement sound values: "For freedom Christ has set us free." (Gal 5: 1) It is out of this freedom that we challenge our fellow Catholics to a greater sense of conversion and invite them to entrust themselves to the Holy Spirit as we accompany each other as missionary disciples in the footsteps of the Lord.

Ascension Sunday

 It seems easy for Catholics to overlook the Ascension. The agony of Good Friday, the joy of the Resurrection and excitement of Pentecost are so often the high points of our liturgical devotion and pious reflection. Yet, we hear in Eucharistic Prayer III: "Therefore, O Lord, as we celebrate the memorial of the saving Passion of your Son, his wondrous Resurrection and Ascension into heaven, and as we look forward to his second coming. we offer you in thanksgiving this holy and living sacrifice." The Catholic Bishops of New Zealand have transferred this feast to a Sunday celebration so that we do not miss out on its significance. Do we hear the words of the angels?: "Men of Galilee, why do you stand looking up to heaven?" (Acts 1: 11) Are we open to the Great Commission given by the Risen Christ?: "All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me. Go therefore and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, and teaching them to obey everything that I have commanded you." (Mtt 28: 18-19) If we are uncertain and even afraid let us also be reassured by the words that come next: "And remember I am with you always, to the end of the age." (Mtt 28: 20) In the Gospel of Mark the same message is put this way: "So then the Lord Jesus, after he had spoken to them, was taken up into heaven and sat down at the right hand of God. And they went out and proclaimed the good news everywhere while the Lord worked with them and confirmed the message by the signs that accompanied it." (Mk 16: 20)

6th Sunday of Easter

 Did you know that there is more than one Pentecost in the Bible? We have Pentecost Day when the Holy Spirit descends upon the community (Acts 2: 1-12), the bestowal of the Holy Spirit on the Samaritans (Acts 8: 14-17), the household of Cornelius (Acts 10: 44-48) and upon twelve disciples in Ephesus (Acts 19: 1-7). In today's First Reading the Holy Spirit is mediated through the apostles, Peter and John, just as he is mediated through the bishop for the sacrament of confirmation. Throughout Acts different groups of people receive the Holy Spirit - Jews, Samaritans, Gentile God-fearers and other Gentiles. The Holy Spirit is poured out on all those who are open to receiving him. As we get closer to Pentecost perhaps, I can start praying now for the gift of the Holy Spirit for myself. I may have been confirmed but through sin I block the action of the Holy Spirit in me. Jesus tells us: "If you then, who are evil, know how to give good gifts to your children, how much more will the heavenly Father give the Holy Spirit to those who ask him!?" (Lk 11: 13)

5th Sunday of Easter

 Sometimes people get confused. They equate the Church with other forms of social organization, or they interpret its activity as a pretext for making money or wielding power over people. There certainly have been many instances throughout history and even today of people abusing both religion and the Church to exploit others. As we heard last week on Good Shepherd Sunday "The thief comes only to steal and kill and destroy." (Jn 10: 10) This is to be condemned. Nevertheless, when she is working properly, according to the mind of the Lord and the action of the Holy Spirit, the Church mediates the person and mission of the Lord and is intimately linked with him. Vatican II teaches: "For it was from the side of Christ as he slept the sleep of death upon the cross that there came forth the wondrous sacrament which is the whole Church." (Sacrosanctum Concilium, 5) It also states: "By her relationship with Christ, the Church is a kind of sacrament or sign of intimate union with God, and of the unity of mankind. She is also an instrument for the achievement of such unity" (Lumen Gentium, 1) and "He (God) planned to assemble in the holy Church all those who would believe in Christ. Already from the beginning of the world the foreshadowing of the Church took place. She was prepared for in a remarkable way throughout the history of the people of Israel and by means of the Old Covenant. Established in the present era of time, the Church was made manifest by the outpouring of the Spirit. At the end of time she will achieve glorious fulfillment. The as may be read in the holy Fathers, all just men from the time of Adam 'from Abel, the just one, to the last of the elect,' will be gathered together with the father in the universal Church." (Lumen Gentium, 2) Thus, the Church is not an ideology or a charitable institution it is an instrument of the One who said: "I am the way, and the truth, and the life. No one comes to the Father, except through me." (Jn 14: 6)

4th Sunday of Easter - Good Shepherd Sunday

 On this Sunday the Church reminds us of the role of ordained ministers, especially those ordained to the priesthood, in the life of the Church. It grieves me to think that in the Palmerston North Diocese there has been no local man ordained as priest since 2002. Thus, twenty-four years without a man from our parishes proceeding to ministry where he will minister among his own people. The other dioceses of New Zealand have had their vocations to priesthood so what has gone wrong for us? I do not know. What I do know is that we need to pray for vocations to the priesthood and encourage young men to consider the possibility of the priesthood for themselves. Anyone called to the priesthood needs to know that he will serve the people ahead of himself and that he, like his flock, needs to enter the gate of salvation through faith in Christ Jesus: "(Jesus says) I am the gate. Whoever enters by me will be saved, and will come in and go out and find pasture." (Jn 16: 9) Each one of us has a primary vocation in baptism and it is through this mode of being we are called to serve others. By taking up the cross and resisting the temptation to live only for ourselves we will discover the true meaning of life and the fulness of love that only Jesus Christ can give: "I (Jesus) came that they may have life, and have it abundantly." (Jn 10: 10)

3rd Sunday of Easter

 Have you noticed how many people, especially since the turn of the Millenium, have stopped going to Mass? What has happened to them? Why did they leave? What do they believe now? Did they ever believe at all? I do not have any easy answers. Everyone is different. Reading today's Gospel, however, I get a sense for how Jesus continues to journey with them even though they may not wish to recognize him in their lives. Like the two disciples, they are walking away. Often, I expect, they have a dialogue with one another or in their hearts about "... all these things that had happened." (Lk 24: 14) Their hearts may have been set on this world: "But we had hoped that he was the one to redeem Israel." (Lk 24: 21) Jesus listens to them but he does not let them off lightly: "Oh, how foolish you are, and how slow of heart to believe all that the prophets have declared!" (Lk 24: 25) Patiently, the Lord starts the Good News all over again: "Then beginning with Moses and all the prophets, Jesus interpreted to them the things about himself in all the scriptures." (Lk 24: 27) The former disciples do not recognize him but they have absorbed his value of hospitality: "Stay with us, because it is almost evening and the day is now nearly over." (Lk 24: 29) It is only in the Holy Eucharist that they realize that the Lord has been walking with them all along: "... he took bread, blessed and broke it, and gave it to them, Then their eyes were opened and they recognized Jesus" (Lk 24: 31) They respond to this revelation by returning to the community they had abandoned, with new faith and joy in the resurrection: "That same hour they got up and returned to Jerusalem; and they found the eleven and their companions gathered together." (Lk 24: 33) As this parish begins the Alpha programme let us too be open to renewing our conversion experience as well as journeying with others who seek faith. In this way our own faith will be strengthened and purified so that we do not give up on the Mass, the Church of the Lord. One thing is for sure - he will never give up on us: "If we died with him, we will also live with him; if we endure, we will also reign with him; if we deny him he will deny us; if we are faithless, he remains faithful - for he cannot deny himself."  (2 Tim 2: 11)

2nd Sunday of Easter - Divine Mercy

 The First Reading for the Sundays of Easter comes from the New Testament. The Acts of the Apostles is a sequel to the Gospel of Luke. It relates the post-Resurrection Church which, in the beginning, was designated as "The Way" (Acts 9: 2). It is only subsequently, at Antioch, that the followers of the Risen Lord were called "Christians" (Acts 11: 26). On Pentecost morning the social, juridical and sacramental nature of the community of believers was manifested to the world. This essential and constitutional nature of what we call Church is unchangeable. As we read the Acts of the Apostles, we come to understand how the Good News is lived out by a society of believers. The mystery of the Church on that day continues to be worked out in us today since we believe in: "... one Lord, one faith one baptism" (Eph 4: 5). Thus, we profess in the Nicene Creed that we believe in "one, holy, catholic and apostolic Church." What, you might ask, is the nature of the Church? We hear that: "Those who welcomed the message of Peter were baptized and many were added to the community. They devoted themselves to the apostles teaching and fellowship, to the breaking of the bread and the prayers." (Acts 2: 42) In short, this description speaks of the necessity of baptism in order to be incorporated into the Church; "the apostles' teaching" refers to the teaching function of baptism (munus docendi); "fellowship" indicates the hierarchical nature of the Church with the governing function (munus regendi) of baptism; "the breaking of the bread and the prayers" tells of the centrality of the Eucharist, as well as the sanctifying function of baptism (munus sanctificandi). Let us journey together to Pentecost deepening our knowledge and love of the Church which brings such joy to our lives.

Easter Vigil and Easter Sunday

 The greeting of the angels to the women, who discover the empty tomb on the first Easter morning, is: "Do not be afraid." (Mtt 28: 5) The Risen Christ echoes this greeting when he encounters them on their way to tell the disciples the amazing news: "Do not be afraid" (Mtt 28: 9) Have you noticed how Jesus has been filtered out of the mass media and state education? We hear about Ramadan and Matariki, both of which are taken seriously and explained by the state run organizations with due solemnity and respect. Why do they seem to be afraid of the Risen One? Surely, we will hear on the nightly news the voices of retailers wanting the right to open for business on Good Friday, as well as lighthearted stories of people indulging in hot cross buns and easter eggs. It ends there. Why are they afraid of Easter? Furthermore, am I afraid of Easter? For those whose minds are focused on earthly, tangible things measurable by science the presence of the Risen Lord is subversive. It is he who rules the Universe through his unconquerable life. The humble Galilean overthrows the powerful and mighty, as is prophesied in the Magnificat of the Blessed Virgin Mary and raises up the lowly (Lk 1: 68-79). Let us not be afraid to contemplate religious and spiritual things this Easter, as St Paul told the Colossians: "Set your minds on things that are above, not on things that are on earth, for you have died and your life is hidden with Christ in God. When Christ who is your life is revealed, then you also will be revealed with him in glory." (Col 5: 2-4)

Good Friday - Celebration of the Lord's Passion

 With the reading of the Passion on Palm Sunday coming from the synoptic gospels and that on Good Friday coming from the Gospel of John we realize that even for this important and singular event the evangelists act as theologians. One example would be the use of hyssop to offer Jesus the sponge soaked in wine (Jn 19: 29) This can be compared to the Gospel of Matthew we heard last Sunday where the sponge, filled with sour wine, is offered to Jesus on a stick (Mtt 27: 48) Hyssop is more of a bush or shrub and is not practical for piercing a sponge. We understand better when we remember that in Exodus 12: 22 that the blood of the Passover Lamb was to be smeared on the lintel using a bunch of hyssop. In John, Jesus dies at the hour that the Passover lambs are sacrificed. It is clear therefore that John wants this interpretation of Jesus' death to be placed in our minds. Matthew, in his account, uses the word "Messiah" (Mtt 26: 63 and 68; 27:17and 22) four times. Matthew also uses "Messiah" three times in the genealogy of Jesus (Mtt 1: 1, 16 and 17) which is followed by another mention in Mtt 1: 18. It is clear that the concept of "messiah" has much greater significance for Matthew than it does for John. By comparing the Gospels we not only contemplate the truth of Jesus' death we also get the benefit of the interpretation of it by the evangelists.

Holy Thursday - Mass of the Lord's Supper

 Jesus tells Peter: "Unless I wash you, you have no share with me." (Jn 13: 8) It is possible to look at this statement in two ways. First, there is the literal sense of the moment. Peter has not listened to the Lord's previous statement: "You do not know now what I am doing, but later you will understand." (Jn 13: 7) How often do we jump to conclusions based on appearances? It is God who knows the heart. When we pray we are inpatient to obtain what we want and what we want is influenced by self-indulgence: "You do not have, because you do not ask. You ask and do not receive, because you ask wrongly, in order to spend what you get on your own pleasures." (Jas 4: 2-3) Peter cannot share in the Lord unless he is prepared to listen and learn from the Lord so that he can do as he asks and not act out of his own self-regard. Second, if we think of washing as baptism, there are two possible meanings. The first is the sacrament of baptism. Unless we die to ourselves in baptism, being washed in the blood of the Lord, we cannot participate in his divine life. The second, is similar, as it refers to the baptism and the drink that the Lord tells James and John they must receive and drink if they wish to follow him more closely: "The cup that I drink you "Are you able to drink the cup that I drink, or be baptized with the baptism that I am baptized with?" (Mk 10: 38) In other words, are we willing to endure the cross with him and enter into his Passion? Jesus says elsewhere: "If any want to be my followers, let them deny themselves and take up their cross and follow me. For those who want to save their life will lose it, and those who lose their life for my sake will find it. For what will it profit them if they gain the whole world but forfeit their life? Or what will they give in return for their life?" (Mtt 16: 24-26) The message of the Holy Eucharist to a challenge to us not only to receive from the hand of the Lord but also to imitate hi in his self-giving.

Holy Thursday - Mass of the Lord's Supper

 Jesus tells his disciples: "For I have set you an example, that you also should do as I have done to you." (Jn 13: 15) God does not want us to be passengers. Jesus performs his Messianic task of salvation not as a solo act but as the pioneer of a reality into which we are called to follow him. We need to cooperate with his grace to contribute to his Kingdom on earth. Passivity and quietism are not an option. To do so would be to hide our talent in the ground and hear the dreaded words: "As for this worthless slave, throw him into the out darkness, where there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth." (Mtt 25: 30)St Paul exhorted the Philippians: "Therefore, my beloved, just as you have always obeyed me, not only in my presence, but much more now in my absence, work out your own salvation with fear and trembling; for it is God who is at work in you, enabling you both to will and to work for his good pleasure." (Phil 2: 12-13)

The Mass of Chrism

 Today the gospel records Jesus saying: "Today this scripture has been fulfilled in your hearing." (Lk 4: 21) In a Mass, where the sacred oils used in sacraments are consecrated, these words remind us that Christ, according to Vatican II, is present in the sacraments as well as in the Word, the people, the Blessed Sacrament and the priest (SC, 7). The sacraments, as enactive utterances, make present what they signify. Each of these moments bring about change desired by God and received by the faithful. Thus, whenever we gather a scripture is being fulfilled in our hearing and Jesus is at work. The Messianic jubilee as the Kingdom of God is proclaimed grows and evicts the power of evil wherever it is manifested. Let us have confidence that our work for the Gospel is not wasted: "Therefore, my beloved, be steadfast, immovable, always excelling in the work of the Lord, because you know that in the Lord your labor is not in vain." (1 Cor 15: 58)

6th Sunday of Lent - Palm Sunday

 The Passion of the Lord gives witness to the depths of the suffering Our Lord Jesus Christ accepted in order to accomplish our salvation: "He humbled himself and became obedient to the point of death, even death on a cross." (Phil 2: 8) We do not, in Matthew's account, hear the last words of Jesus as he expires, rather: "Then Jesus cried again with a loud voice and breathed his last." (Mtt 27: 50) Elijah does not come to save him. The impact of the death of the Son of God is manifested in the natural world with an earthquake while the curtain of the Temple is torn and the bodies of the saints are raised. The cosmic significance of the death of Jesus is thus illustrated. All that there is left to do is to bury the body. How often do we feel in our own lives that in the face of personal suffering and disaster all that there that remains to us is to bury out hopes, aspirations and dreams? Let us not forget that the words of St Paul to the Philippians do not stop at verse 8 instead they continue: "Therefore God highly exalted him and gave him a name above every name, so that at the name of Jesus every knee should bend, in heaven and earth and under the earth, and every tongue should confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father." (Phil 2: 9-11) We need to identify ourselves with our Lord and unite our sufferings to him, trusting in God's power: "If we have died with him, we will also live with him; if we endure, we will also reign with him; if we deny him, he will also deny us; if we are faithless, he remains faithful - for he cannot deny his own self." (2 Tim 2: 11-13)

Solemnity of the Annunciation

 The words of Our Lady: "Here am I, the servant of the Lord; let it be with me according to your word" (Lk 1: 38) are hugely significant in the life of the Church and therefore of the world. They are, in fact, according to Pope St John XXIII, along with the words of St Peter: "You are the Messiah, the Son of the living God" (Mtt 16: 16), constitutive of the Church. The importance of the obedience of Our Lady is tremendous. In Lumen Gentium we hear: "Rightly therefore the holy Fathers see her as used by God not merely in a passive way, but as freely cooperating in the work of human salvation through faith and obedience. For, as St. Irenaeus says, she "being obedient, became the cause of salvation for herself and for the whole human race." Hence not a few of the early Fathers gladly assert in their preaching, "The knot of Eve's disobedience was untied by Mary's obedience; what the virgin Eve bound through her unbelief, the Virgin Mary loosened by her faith." Comparing Mary with Eve, they call her "the Mother of the living," and still more often they say: "death through Eve, life through Mary." (LG, 56) This applies not only to her personally but to the whole of the Church whom she represents and embodies: "For in the mystery of the Church, which is itself rightly called mother and virgin, the Blessed Virgin stands out in eminent and singular fashion as exemplar both of virgin and mother. By her belief and obedience, not knowing man but overshadowed by the Holy Spirit, as the new Eve she brought forth on earth the very Son of the Father, showing an undefiled faith, not in the word of the ancient serpent, but in that of God's messenger. (LG, 63) Let us therefore not only honour Our Lady on the Solemnity but also seek to imitate her in our lives.

5th Sunday of Lent

 This Gospel, on the raising of Lazarus, simultaneously reveals Jesus' humanity while showing forth his divinity. The former is manifested in the profound emotions felt by Jesus upon the death of his friend. The onlookers exclaim: "See how he loved him!" (Jn 11: 36) The latter is not only shown in the deed of power with which Jesus brings Lazarus from the dead but by the intimacy, trust and confidence that he has in his heavenly Father: "Father, I thank you for having heard me. I know that you always hear me, but I have said this for the sake of the crowd standing here, so that they may believe that you sent me." (Jn 11: 41-42) In this way we, in 2026 listening to the living Word, are invited into that relationship. We become onlookers as well, marveling at the power of God and getting a privileged insight into the divine relationship between the Son and the Father. As Catholics we not only participate in the Blessed Sacrament, the living memorial of the Passion, death and Resurrection of Jesus Christ, but also gather to listen to his Word. It is this Word that conforms us to the life of our Saviour: "Indeed, the word of God is living and active, sharper than any two-edged sword, piercing until it divides soul from spirit, joints from marrow; it is able to judge the thoughts and intentions of the heart." (Heb 4: 12) Both aspects of the Eucharistic liturgy form a unity that mediates to us Jesus Christ -Word made flesh and splendour of the Father.

Solemnity of St Joseph - Spouse of Our Lady and Patron of the Universal Church

 Today we have the principal feast day of the foster father of Our Lord Jesus Christ, Saint Joseph. The other feast is that of St Joseph the Worker. For a man of few words Joseph has had a tremendous influence in the life of the Church especially as patron of religious orders. He was poor - the Holy Family offered, at the Presentation of Our Lord, the sacrifice of the poor; he was chaste - Our Lady is a perpetual virgin and he respected that; he was obedient - he responded with alacrity to the instructions given by God to him in dreams. He is often portrayed as holding lilies. This is derived from the personification of Israel: "... he (Israel) shall blossom like the lily." (Hos 14: 5) As a member of the Holy Family of Nazareth he is a role model, intercessor and archetype for fathers and other male roles in the Church and the family. A righteous man he was still open to the action of God which took him beyond his comfort zone. Three times he responded to God's call and moved to protect his family. We need something of his faith and courage today.

Feast of Saint Patrick

 A Catholic visitor to the southern hemisphere might be puzzled as to how the Feast of St Patrick, which is listed as a Commemoration in the Universal Calendar, is celebrated as a solemnity in Australia and a feast in New Zealand. The key lies in the Irish roots of the many Catholics who came, voluntarily or otherwise, to this part of the world in the Nineteenth Century. They brought with them their faith and the historical memory of their homeland. Not only that, but at the Synod of Thurles 1850 they had instilled in them a new energy and focus. The desire to renew the Church through the discipline of clergy and devotional practices helped a people scarred by poverty, colonialism and famine to build a new life on the other side of the world. The linking of faith and nationalism, which also took place in other countries, for example, St Joan of Arc in France, harnessed the spirit of the age to Catholic society. Now, in 2026, this link has been weakened if not dissolved as Australia and New Zealand establish new bases for community and identity. What then does the celebration of this feast have to offer? The key is to be found in the gospel for the day where St Peter says to Jesus: "Master, we have worked all night ling but caught nothing. Yet if you say so, I will let down the nets." (Lk 5: 5) We need, as missionary disciples, the courage of St Patrick. He was prepared to go to a people who were not his own to bring them the Good News despite the ill-treatment he had received in being enslaved by them. We can abandon our own hurts and disappointments, as the church we knew of our youth implodes, to embrace the future with confidence and the Holy Spirit: "When they had brought the boats to shore, they left everything and followed him." (Lk 5: 11)

4th Sunday of Lent

 We hear today in the Second Reading: "Try to find out what is pleasing to the Lord. Take no part in the unfruitful works of darkness, but instead expose them." (Eph 5: 10-11) The spiritual life takes effort. Jesus tells us: "For the gate is narrow and the road is hard that leads to life, and there are few who find it." (Mtt 7: 14) We must resist the temptation to be complacent. To take God's grace for granted is to commit the sin of presumption. Lent is a season to help us open our eyes to our sinfulness and strive for greater holiness. The Pharisees in the Gospel sit in judgement on Jesus and seek reasons to condemn him for breaking the sabbath law. They are blind to their hypocrisy. Jesus passes judgement on them when he tells them: "If you were blind, you would have no sin. But now that you say, 'We see,' your sin remains." (Jn 9: 41) When our eyes are opened to sin, we have the opportunity to see not only the truth about ourselves but the truth about Jesus. The formerly blind man's response to Jesus, when he reveals himself, is: "Lord, I believe." (Jn 9: 38) We too are called to see Jesus for who he is and make an act of faith in him.

We hear today in the Second Reading: "Try to find out what is pleasing to the Lord. Take no part in the unfruitful works of darkness, but instead expose them." (Eph 5: 10-11) The spiritual life takes effort. Jesus tells us: "For the gate is narrow and the road is hard that leads to life, and there are few who find it." (Mtt 7: 14) We must resist the temptation to be complacent. To take God's grace for granted is to commit the sin of presumption. Lent is a season to help us open our eyes to our sinfulness and strive for greater holiness. The Pharisees in the Gospel sit in judgement on Jesus and seek reasons to condemn him for breaking the sabbath law. They are blind to their hypocrisy. Jesus passes judgement on them when he tells them: "If you were blind, you would have no sin. But now that you say, 'We see,' your sin remains." (Jn 9: 41) When our eyes are opened to sin, we have the opportunity to see not only the truth about ourselves but the truth about Jesus. The formerly blind man's response to Jesus, when he reveals himself, is: "Lord, I believe." (Jn 9: 38) We too are called see Jesus for who he is and make an act of faith in him.

We hear today in the Second Reading: "Try to find out what is pleasing to the Lord. Take no part in the unfruitful works of darkness, but instead expose them." (Eph 5: 10-11) The spiritual life takes effort. Jesus tells us: "For the gate is narrow and the road is hard that leads to life, and there are few who find it." (Mtt 7: 14) We must resist the temptation to be complacent. To take God's grace for granted is to commit the sin of presumption. Lent is a season to help us open our eyes to our sinfulness and strive for greater holiness. The Pharisees in the Gospel sit in judgement on Jesus and seek reasons to condemn him for breaking the sabbath law. They are blind to their hypocrisy. Jesus passes judgement on them when he tells them: "If you were blind, you would have no sin. But now that you say, 'We see,' your sin remains." (Jn 9: 41) When our eyes are opened to sin, we have the opportunity to see not only the truth about ourselves but the truth about Jesus. The formerly blind man's response to Jesus, when he reveals himself, is: "Lord, I believe." (Jn 9: 38) We too are called see Jesus for who he is and make an act of faith in him.

We hear today in the Second Reading: "Try to find out what is pleasing to the Lord. Take no part in the unfruitful works of darkness, but instead expose them." (Eph 5: 10-11) The spiritual life takes effort. Jesus tells us: "For the gate is narrow and the road is hard that leads to life, and there are few who find it." (Mtt 7: 14) We must resist the temptation to be complacent. To take God's grace for granted is to commit the sin of presumption. Lent is a season to help us open our eyes to our sinfulness and strive for greater holiness. The Pharisees in the Gospel sit in judgement on Jesus and seek reasons to condemn him for breaking the sabbath law. They are blind to their hypocrisy. Jesus passes judgement on them when he tells them: "If you were blind, you would have no sin. But now that you say, 'We see,' your sin remains." (Jn 9: 41) When our eyes are opened to sin, we have the opportunity to see not only the truth about ourselves but the truth about Jesus. The formerly blind man's response to Jesus, when he reveals himself, is: "Lord, I believe." (Jn 9: 38) We too are called see Jesus for who he is and make an act of faith in him.